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電力設備的鼠害防治措施有哪些?

發布日期:2020-09-10 09:24:22 作者:admin 點擊:1624

  電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統是發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的有(you)機整體,其(qi)中涉(she)及(ji)到很(hen)多電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei),包括輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路(lu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)變(bian)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)、箱(xiang)式(shi)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站等,這些設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)場所(suo)多建(jian)在郊外,是鼠(shu)類(lei)(lei)頻繁(fan)活動的場所(suo),且設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)溝內冬暖夏涼,為鼠(shu)害(hai)提供了“理想”的棲息地。鼠(shu)害(hai)對人類(lei)(lei)的危(wei)害(hai),不僅(jin)是盜食(shi)糧(liang)食(shi)、危(wei)害(hai)健康,而且會(hui)引起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)事(shi)故,破壞正常的生產(chan)秩(zhi)序,影響安全生產(chan),造(zao)成重(zhong)大經濟損(sun)失。

  近期管內設(she)備(bei)發(fa)生了(le)兩起鼠(shu)(shu)害(hai)事件,第(di)一起是10kV電(dian)(dian)力(li)配電(dian)(dian)所高(gao)壓柜內二(er)次控制電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)及電(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)由于鼠(shu)(shu)害(hai)被咬傷5根,其中3根損(sun)傷漏出(chu)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)線芯(見圖1),極易(yi)造成直(zhi)流接地(di)、跳閘故(gu)障。由于發(fa)現及時,采取停電(dian)(dian)二(er)次電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕緣補強措施。同(tong)時,將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)溝重(zhong)(zhong)新封堵,并在電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)溝和設(she)備(bei)破(po)損(sun)處(chu)放(fang)置(zhi)粘(zhan)鼠(shu)(shu)板和鼠(shu)(shu)藥,有效避免(mian)了(le)直(zhi)流接地(di)或跳閘故(gu)障,消(xiao)除了(le)設(she)備(bei)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)安(an)全隱(yin)患,確保了(le)設(she)備(bei)安(an)全可靠運行。

  第二起是(shi)電力遠動(dong)箱(xiang)變內通(tong)信(xin)(xin)光纖被鼠害咬斷(duan),見(jian)圖3。電力箱(xiang)變的線纜(lan)(一、二次接線及端(duan)子排和通(tong)信(xin)(xin)光纜(lan))被鼠類咬斷(duan)現象屢見(jian)不鮮(xian)。咬斷(duan)線纜(lan)將會造成一、二次回路斷(duan)線,繼電保護(hu)誤動(dong)作(zuo),設(she)備接地短路,繼而引(yin)發設(she)備跳閘故障,給(gei)設(she)備運(yun)行帶來了極(ji)大(da)的安全隱患,甚至會引(yin)發火災。

   鼠害咬斷光(guang)纖并遺留排泄物

  鼠害對電(dian)(dian)(dian)力設(she)備的影(ying)(ying)響,不單單會咬(yao)斷(duan)、咬(yao)傷線(xian)纜,其排泄物特別是尿液呈粘性,與灰塵粘連在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力箱變二次接線(xian)端子處(chu),極易(yi)造成二次接線(xian)短路,導致設(she)備跳閘故障,影(ying)(ying)響正常供電(dian)(dian)(dian)秩序。

  鼠(shu)害(hai)影響(xiang)如此之大,需要加(jia)強防(fang)治措(cuo)施,那(nei)么電力設備的鼠(shu)害(hai)防(fang)治措(cuo)施有(you)哪些呢?

  1、電(dian)(dian)力設(she)(she)備(bei)場所落實(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)小動(dong)物(wu)安全措施。在變配電(dian)(dian)所應設(she)(she)置擋鼠板,防(fang)(fang)(fang)止小動(dong)物(wu)溜(liu)進設(she)(she)備(bei)場所。同時(shi)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)溝(gou)槽(cao)應設(she)(she)置防(fang)(fang)(fang)火(huo)封堵措施,既可(ke)以(yi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)火(huo),也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)止小動(dong)物(wu)進入(ru)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)溝(gou)槽(cao)內。

  2、放置粘鼠板

  粘鼠(shu)板(ban)是一種(zhong)常見的捕鼠(shu)工具,通常是硬紙板(ban)上(shang)置有(you)強力粘性膠水,當老鼠(shu)等鼠(shu)蟲經過時,就會被黏住(zhu),具有(you)無色無味(wei)、安全(quan)、環保等特(te)點,適用于對其它(ta)滅鼠(shu)方法比較敏感的場所,見圖4。

  將粘鼠板放置在(zai)電力箱變高、低壓(ya)(ya)室(shi)和(he)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)室(shi)的柜體(ti)和(he)地(di)(di)面上等老鼠的必經之地(di)(di),等待老鼠自投(tou)羅網(wang)。

電力設備

  3、自(zi)制環保鼠藥

  將(jiang)(jiang)大米入鍋炒成金黃色,加入2勺(shao)香油拌勻,最后(hou)加入水泥充(chong)分攪拌均(jun)勻放(fang)在老(lao)(lao)鼠(shu)經(jing)常出沒(mei)的(de)地方,見圖(tu)5。老(lao)(lao)鼠(shu)吃完喝(he)水后(hou),水泥遇(yu)水會凝(ning)結成硬塊(kuai)使老(lao)(lao)鼠(shu)腸(chang)道堵塞,腹脹而死。將(jiang)(jiang)自制環保鼠(shu)藥(yao)投放(fang)在電力箱(xiang)變內老(lao)(lao)鼠(shu)常出沒(mei)的(de)位置,待設(she)備巡視(shi)時,檢(jian)查(cha)設(she)備間有(you)無(wu)死老(lao)(lao)鼠(shu),及(ji)時清理。

  4、使用電子清洗劑(ji)

  電(dian)(dian)子清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)劑(ji)是一種具有(you)(you)優良性(xing)能的(de)(de)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)溶液(ye)噴洗(xi)(xi)劑(ji),能夠快速清(qing)除精密電(dian)(dian)子儀(yi)器(qi)、電(dian)(dian)路板、家用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)、電(dian)(dian)氣設備(bei)上的(de)(de)灰(hui)塵和油(you)污,有(you)(you)效防止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)氣觸點的(de)(de)有(you)(you)害(hai)物質堆積,見圖6。該清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)劑(ji)使用(yong)(yong)安全(quan),沒有(you)(you)易燃易爆(bao)的(de)(de)危險;無(wu)(wu)毒副作用(yong)(yong),耐壓等級(ji)達35kv,可帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)清(qing)洗(xi)(xi),不會(hui)使清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)后(hou)的(de)(de)設備(bei)短路;無(wu)(wu)腐蝕性(xing),對所(suo)有(you)(you)塑料、橡膠、飾面、金屬(shu)無(wu)(wu)任(ren)何傷害(hai)。

  用電子清洗劑噴(pen)灑在電力(li)箱變(bian)的高(gao)、低壓(ya)柜(ju)的二次接(jie)線上(shang),清除接(jie)線及(ji)端子處的灰塵,避免(mian)與(yu)老鼠尿(niao)液形成(cheng)短路現象。

  5、超聲波驅(qu)鼠器

  超(chao)聲(sheng)波驅鼠器是一種利(li)用(yong)電子技(ji)術(shu)研制的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)產生(sheng)(sheng)20kHz-55kHz 超(chao)聲(sheng)波的(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)置,見圖7,該裝(zhuang)置所產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)超(chao)聲(sheng)波能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)在50米的(de)(de)(de)范圍內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)效刺激并導致鼠類感到威脅和(he)不安,能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)(gou)有(you)(you)(you)效地創(chuang)造鼠類等無(wu)法生(sheng)(sheng)存的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境,迫使他們自動遷移(yi),無(wu)法在防(fang)治區范圍內(nei)繁(fan)殖生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang),達到根除鼠類的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。電力箱變用(yong)超(chao)聲(sheng)波驅鼠器是防(fang)止(zhi)鼠害事故發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要技(ji)術(shu)措施,具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟效益,由于裝(zhuang)置具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)體積小、重(zhong)量輕、易于 維護, 具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)很強的(de)(de)(de)推廣使用(yong)價值。

  將(jiang)超聲波(bo)驅鼠(shu)(shu)器安裝在電(dian)(dian)力箱變的低壓(ya)室內,因設備需(xu)要低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)源,可以有效的刺激老鼠(shu)(shu),逼迫(po)遷移(yi)。

  鼠(shu)害防治工作需要(yao)長期堅持,結合電力設備(bei)運行特點和鼠(shu)害防治措施,采取以上一種(zhong)或幾種(zhong)措施的組合,可(ke)大大降低鼠(shu)害對電力設備(bei)的影響(xiang)。

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